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MySQL Data Types – An Overview Of The Data Types In MySQL

Last updated on Jul 04,2019 9.7K Views

4 / 6 Blog from Introduction To MySQL

One cannot handle the vast amount of data present in the world without a proper database management system. MySQL is one of the most popular database management systems used in the industry. In my previous blog on MySQL Tutorial, you would have got an understanding of the various SQL queries that can be executed. In this blog on MySQL Data Types, I will be discussing the different data types used in MySQL.

In this blog on MySQL Data Types, I’m going to cover the following:Logo Of MySQL - MySQL Data Types - Edureka

So, let’s get started with each one of them.

MySQL Data Types: Numeric Types

Numeric Datatypes allow both signed and unsigned integers. MySQL supports the following numeric data types.

Data TypeDescriptionStorage
TINYINT(size)Allows signed integers -128 to 127 and 0 to 255 unsigned integers.1 byte
SMALLINT(size)Allows signed integers from -32768 to 32767 and 0 to 65535 unsigned integers.2 bytes
MEDIUMINT(size)Allows signed integers from -8388608 to 8388607 and 0 to 16777215 unsigned integers.3 bytes
INT(size)Allows signed integers from -2147483638 to 214747483637 and 0 to 4294967925 unsigned integers.4 bytes
BIGINT(size)Allows signed integers from -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807 and 0 to 18446744073709551615 unsigned integers.8 bytes
FLOAT(size,d)Allows small numbers with floating decimal point. The size parameter is used to specify the maximum number of digits, and the d parameter is used to specify the maximum number of digits to the right of the decimal.4 bytes
DOUBLE(size,d)Allows large numbers with floating decimal point. The size parameter is used to specify the maximum number of digits, and the d parameter is used to specify the maximum number of digits to the right of the decimal.8 bytes
DECIMAL(size,d)
Allows storing DOUBLE as a string, so that there is a fixed decimal point. The size parameter is used to specify the maximum number of digits, and the d parameter is used to specify the maximum number of digits to the right of the decimal.Varies

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MySQL Data Types: String Types

String Data types allow both fixed and variable length strings. MySQL supports the following String data types.

Data TypeDescriptionStorage
CHAR(size)Holds up to 255 characters and allows a fixed length string.(Declared column length of characters * Number of bytes) <= 255
VARCHAR(size)Holds up to 255 characters and allows a variable length string. If you store characters greater than 55, then the data type will be converted to TEXT type.
  • String value(Len) + 1 WHERE column values require 0 − 255 bytes
  • String value(Len) + 2 bytes WHERE column values may require more than 255 bytes
TINYTEXTAllows a string with a maximum length of 255 charactersActual length in bytes of String value(Len) + 1 bytes, where Len < 28
TEXTAllows a string with a maximum length of 65,535 charactersActual length in bytes of String value(Len) + 2 bytes, where Len < 216
BLOB Holds up to 65,535 bytes of data, and is used for Binary Large Objects.Actual length in bytes of String value(Len) + 2 bytes, where Len < 216
MEDIUMTEXTAllows a string with a maximum length of 16,777,215 charactersActual length in bytes of String value(Len) + 3 bytes, where Len < 224
MEDIUMBLOBHolds up to 16,777,215 bytes of data, and is used for Binary Large Objects.Actual length in bytes of String value(Len) + 3 bytes, where Len < 224
LONGTEXTAllows a string with a maximum length of 4,294,967,295 charactersActual length in bytes of String value(Len) + 4 bytes, where Len < 232
LONGBLOBHolds up to 4,294,967,295 bytes of data, and is used for Binary Large Objects. Actual length in bytes of String value(Len) + 4 bytes, where Len < 232
ENUM(x,y,z,etc.)Allows you to enter a list of possible values, with the maximum to be 65535 values. Just in case a value is inserted which is not present in the list, a blank value will be inserted.1 or 2 bytes, depending on the number of enumeration values (65,535 values maximum)
SETThis data type is similar to ENUM, but SET can have up to 64 list items and can store more than one choice.1, 2, 3, 4, or 8 bytes, depending on the number of set members (64 members maximum)

MySQL Data Types: Date & Time Types

This data type enables us to mention the date and time. MySQL supports the following Date & Time data types.

Data TypeDescriptionStorage Required Before MySQL 5.6.4Storage Required as of MySQL 5.6.4
YEAR()Holds the value of year either in a two digit or in a four-digit format. Year values in the range (70-99) are converted to (1970-1999), and year values in the range (00-69) are converted to (2000-2069)1 byte 1 byte
DATE()Holds the date values in the format: YYYY-MM-DD, where the supported range is  (1000-01-01) to (9999-12-31)3 bytes3 bytes
TIME()Holds the time values in the format: HH:MI:SS, where the supported range is (-838:59:59) to (838:59:59)3 bytes3 bytes + fractional seconds storage
DATETIME()A combination of date and time values in the format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS, where the supported range is from ‘1000-01-01 00:00:00’ to ‘9999-12-31 23:59:59’8 bytes5 bytes + fractional seconds storage
TIMESTAMP()Holds values which are stored as the number of seconds, with the format (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI: SS). The supported range is from (1970-01-01 00:00:01) UTC to (2038-01-09 03:14:07) UTC4 bytes4 bytes  + fractional second storage
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MySQL Data Types: Using Data Types from Other Database Engines

If you want to implement the code written by other vendors in SQL, then, MySQL facilitates this by mapping data types. Refer to the following table.

Other Vendor TypeMySQL Type
BOOLTINYINT
BOOLEANTINYINT
CHARACTER VARYING(M)VARCHAR(M)
FIXEDDECIMAL
FLOAT4FLOAT
FLOAT8DOUBLE
INT1TINYINT
INT2SMALLINT
INT3MEDIUMINT
INT4INT
INT8BIGINT
LONG VARBINARY
MEDIUMBLOB
LONG VARCHARMEDIUMTEXT
LONGMEDIUMTEXT
MIDDLEINTMEDIUMINT
NUMERICDECIMAL

 

After this blog on MySQL Data Types, we will be getting into connecting databases with PHP, but before that you can refer to this SQL Interview Questions blog, to know the top questions asked in interviews. Stay tuned!

If you wish to learn more about MySQL and get to know this open source relational database, then check out our MySQL DBA Certification Training which comes with instructor-led live training and real-life project experience. This training will help you understand MySQL in depth and help you achieve mastery over the subject.

Got a question for us? Please mention it in the comments section of ” MySQL Data Types” and I will get back to you.

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MySQL Data Types – An Overview Of The Data Types In MySQL

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